Optimization IPAS Learning Outcomes through the Snowball Throwing Model Based on Animated Media among Elementary School Students

This study investigates the effectiveness of integrating the Snowball
Throwing cooperative learning model with animated video media to
improve learning outcomes in Integrated Natural and Social Sciences
(IPAS) among elementary school students. The approach addresses
low engagement and underachievement in IPAS learning under the
Merdeka Curriculum. A two-cycle Classroom Action Research (CAR)
was conducted with 13 fourth-grade students at UPT SDN 4 Makale
Selatan. Instruments included observation sheets, interviews, and a
validated IPAS achievement test. Data were analyzed using
descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-tests, Cohen’s d, and
normalized gain (N-Gain). Student performance improved
significantly from Cycle I (mean = 66.92; mastery = 46.15%) to Cycle
II (mean = 80.76; mastery = 92.30%). Statistical analysis showed a
significant effect (t(12) = 6.24, p < .001) with a large effect size (d =
1.73) and moderate-to-high learning gain (N-Gain = 0.62).
Improvements were also observed in students’ engagement,
reasoning, and collaborative skills. The results demonstrate that
combining Snowball Throwing and animated videos creates a
student-centered, interactive learning environment. Animated media
served as cognitive scaffolds, while the cooperative model fostered
active inquiry and peer interaction. This integration aligns with social
constructivist principles and supports 21st-century competencies,
particularly critical thinking and collaboration